A Little Help with Capitals - Purdue Writing Lab The main style guides all agree on this, although . Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Column: Should 'white' be capitalized? It feels wrong, but it's the way As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region . Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. More answers below Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. To Capitalise or Not To Capitalise: A Useful Guide - Proofed The sentence which is capitalized correctly is My easiest classes are Chemistry and Spanish. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. What about capitalizing a Southerner or a Southerner? The FHA insures mortgages for buyers with low credit scores and down payments as low as 3.5%. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Q. Hello! Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. I am living in Western Downtown. Otherwise, not. Capitalization | CSU - California State University The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. The names of things are known as common nouns. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Do you capitalize Southern in southern United States? When you're talking about America's West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Hi, Victoria. Settlers moved into the West. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Proper nouns - American Psychological Association Certain regions of California (Bay Area, Southern California, Central Coast, etc.) Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . Of course, they should be capitalized at the start of sentences and in titles, as they are with other nouns. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Hi there! Topic Q&A List - The Chicago Manual of Style Online You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". 8 What states in the US are consider southern states? Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Do you know "what is the Western Hemisphere?" With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? A recognized geographical region. Filed Under: If you are merely referring to a . South-Eastern Albania? The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. However, there are a few exceptions you should learn about. It's all directional | Grammar Party When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Capitalization: Guidelines for Using Capital Letters - ThoughtCo The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. However, the forms bachelor's degree, bachelor's, master's degree and master's are acceptable as general terms. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. For example, capitalizing "Southerner" in the sentence "As a Southerner, she had a distinct drawl" can be up for debate. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. Seasons. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, south, east, and west, when you are referring to the direction as a proper noun, such as in the South or up North. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep the direction lowercase. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. Biden administration should avoid subsidies for risky mortgages I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". They live in the western part of the country. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Back East. Use lower case for generic or plural references. At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. Before capitalizing words like east, west, north, and south, check whether you are using them as part of a proper noun or merely to refer to direction or location.Don't capitalize directions (we sailed due east) and locations (western India), but do capitalize compass points when they occur in proper nouns (North Korea, South Sudan, East Dunbartonshire, the Great Western Plains). @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . Geographic Regions and States Editorial Style Guide Purchase College editing, Examples: southern France, northern Canada. One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). - thanks! Should Pisces be capitalized? [Fact Checked!] On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Capital offenses - The Daily Californian It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. West is directly opposite east. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. When in doubt, lowercase. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Erin Wright, 20122023. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". When to Capitalize Directional Words - Ellii Blog Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? Instead of using the frequently used double-space, only use one space after a period to properly follow AP style guidelines. Less democratic. Capitalization | Capitalization Rules - GrammarBook However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South.". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. Capitalization Rules-A Quick Guide | Grammarly seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. In other words, directions can be tricky! But things become tricky once we get down to the details. Hi, Lynne. As explained in the post, some people do capitalize terms like "the North" when they refer to a well-established geographical area. Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. Rules for Capitalizing Academic Degrees in AP Style Capitalizing southern and capitalizing south have the same rules. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. For example: When words such as "northern", "southern", "western", and "eastern" precede a region or place's name, do not capitalize them as they are only indicating a general location in a region. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. Common nouns are the names of things. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. North Dakota; West Virginia; Also capitalize compass points when used in denoting widely known sections. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent.
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