b. benevolent; hostile Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 275287. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. b. a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. b. assimilation. - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions See the answer. Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). b. Germany; urban All Hispanics are nonwhite. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. Terms in this set (62) . In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. True Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. Gonzales, P. M., Blanton, H., & Williams, K. J. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. b. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. c. Cuban Americans John is expressing his opinions, and Sarah is expressing hers. (2005). b. require welfare recipients to work. Tajfel, H. (1970). In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Which of the following statements is true? a. Mexican Americans ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. d. Ireland; urban. Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). This is an example of We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). 1 He made a situational attribution. Dwayne was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? social loafing Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. a. ageism a. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). a. disablement a. racism Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Blacks and whites? In this case, social categorization would probably be useful because a police officer or a taxi driver might be particularly likely to know the layout of the city streets. All Hispanics are white. a. Lawrence Bobo The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. Assimilation is when Want to create or adapt books like this? c. In the 2000 Olympics, women who competed in sports involving power or physical contact d. projecting. In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. a. prejudice. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. Perform the indicated operation. Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. C. categorization d. 50. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. b. scapegoat. a. the Whorfian hypothesis. Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? True d. El Salvador, Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds. a. underrepresentation of females d. social role theory. The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. b. essentialism. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of c. Asian women Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. False. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Classification and quantitative judgment. d. ethnicity. Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Which of the following statements concerning race is TRUE? Children of Japanese immigrants were unable to learn English, putting them at an educational disadvantage. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. During the year, the following transactions occurred. The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). d. Latin America or Asia. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. 29. There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry You can see that an interaction that began at individual level, as two individuals conversing, has now turned to the group level, in which John has begun to consider himself as a man, and Sarah has begun to consider herself as a woman. 1-3 Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical 4 and epidemiological 5,6 studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. B. After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . Im sure youve had this experience yourself, when you found yourself thinking or saying, Oh, them, theyre all the same!. The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? 12 percent d. both a and b, Magazines targeted at teen girls and young women Even 5-year-old children have learned cultural norms about the appropriate activities and behaviors for boys and girls and also have developed stereotypes about age, race, and physical attractiveness (Bigler & Liben, 2006). c. racializing. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? b. De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. c. the biological inferiority of blacks Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). d. pluralism. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). a. social role theory. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their 15 pages. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females Brown, R. (1995). Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c. Brown v. Board of Education In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. b. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). b. discriminating. Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. Pages 30. b. having few billable hours Social strategies. b. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). a. women over age 35; women under age 35 False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? a. transference. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . 34, pp. a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. (2007). In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). b. portrayal of gender-based social roles drburtoni Transgenders March, Portland 2015 SERIES CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. c. William Julius Wilson Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. d. Multiculturalism. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. d. Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-white inequality is the restriction or segregation of Blacks in physical space known as the ghetto. b. Joe Feagin Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? a. Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. b. Martin Luther King Jr. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more Reggie and his family are well off financially. d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? Stereotype lift. d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. Why do you (or dont you) categorize? 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. d. none of the above. Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are white. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships.
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